Support for multiple languages

Doxygen has built-in support for multiple languages. This means that the text fragments, generated by doxygen, can be produced in languages other than English (the default). The output language is chosen through the configuration option OUTPUT_LANGUAGE in the configuration file (with default name and known as Doxyfile). To switch between languages inside a comment block the \~ command can be used.

Currently (version 1.8.17), 40 languages are supported (sorted alphabetically): Afrikaans, Arabic, Armenian, Brazilian Portuguese, Catalan, Chinese, Chinese Traditional, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese (+En), Korean (+En), Latvian, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, SerbianCyrillic, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian, and Vietnamese..

The table of information related to the supported languages follows. It is sorted by language alphabetically. The Status column was generated from sources and shows approximately the last version when the translator was updated.

Language	Maintainer	Contact address (replace the at and dot)	Status
Afrikaans	Johan Prinsloo	johan at zippysnoek dot com	1.6.0
Arabic	Moaz Reyad Muhammad Bashir Al-Noimi	[resigned] mbnoimi at gmail dot com	1.4.6
Armenian	Armen Tangamyan	armen dot tangamyan at anu dot edu dot au	1.8.0
Brazilian Portuguese	Fabio "FJTC" Jun Takada Chino	jun-chino at uol dot com dot br	up-to-date
Catalan	Maximiliano Pin Albert Mora	max dot pin at bitroit dot com [unreachable]	1.8.0
Chinese	Lian Yang Li Daobing Wei Liu	lian dot yang dot cn at gmail dot com lidaobing at gmail dot com liuwei at asiainfo dot com	1.8.15
Chinese Traditional	Daniel YC Lin Gary Lee	dlin dot tw at gmail dot com garywlee at gmail dot com	1.8.15
Croatian	Boris Bralo	boris dot bralo at gmail dot com	1.8.2
Czech	Petr Přikryl	prikryl at atlas dot cz	1.8.15
Danish	Poul-Erik Hansen Erik Søe Sørensen	pouhan at gnotometrics dot dk eriksoe+doxygen at daimi dot au dot dk	1.8.0
Dutch	Dimitri van Heesch	doxygen at gmail dot com	up-to-date
English	Dimitri van Heesch	doxygen at gmail dot com	up-to-date
Esperanto	Ander Martínez	ander dot basaundi at gmail dot com	1.8.4
Finnish	Antti Laine	antti dot a dot laine at tut dot fi	1.6.0
French	David Martinet Xavier Outhier Benoît BROSSE	contact at e-concept-applications dot fr xouthier at yahoo dot fr Benoit dot BROSSE at ingenico dot com	almost up-to-date
German	Peter Grotrian Jens Seidel	Peter dot Grotrian at pdv-FS dot de jensseidel at users dot sf dot net	1.8.15
Greek	Paul Gessos	gessos dot paul at yahoo dot gr	1.8.15
Hungarian	Ákos Kiss Földvári György	akiss at users dot sourceforge dot net [unreachable]	1.8.15
Indonesian	Hendy Irawan	ceefour at gauldong dot net	1.8.0
Italian	Alessandro Falappa Ahmed Aldo Faisal	alex dot falappa at gmail dot com aaf23 at cam dot ac dot uk	1.8.15
Japanese	Suzumizaki-Kimikata Hiroki Iseri Ryunosuke Satoh Kenji Nagamatsu Iwasa Kazmi	szmml at h12u.com goyoki at gmail dot com sun594 at hotmail dot com [unreachable] [unreachable]	1.8.15
JapaneseEn	see the Japanese language		English based
Korean	Kim Taedong SooYoung Jung Richard Kim	fly1004 at gmail dot com jung5000 at gmail dot com [unreachable]	1.8.15
KoreanEn	see the Korean language		English based
Latvian	Lauris	lauris at nix.lv	1.8.4
Lithuanian	Tomas Simonaitis Mindaugas Radzius Aidas Berukstis -- searching for the maintainer --	[unreachable] [unreachable] [unreachable] [Please, try to help to find someone.]	1.4.6
Macedonian	Slave Jovanovski	slavejovanovski at yahoo dot com	1.6.0
Norwegian	Lars Erik Jordet	lejordet at gmail dot com	1.4.6
Persian	Ali Nadalizadeh	nadalizadeh at gmail dot com	1.7.5
Polish	Piotr Kaminski Grzegorz Kowal Krzysztof Kral	[unreachable] [unreachable] krzysztof dot kral at gmail dot com	1.8.2
Portuguese	Rui Godinho Lopes Fabio "FJTC" Jun Takada Chino	[resigned] jun-chino at uol dot com dot br	up-to-date
Romanian	Ionut Dumitrascu Alexandru Iosup	reddumy at yahoo dot com aiosup at yahoo dot com	1.8.15
Russian	Brilliantov Kirill Vladimirovich Alexandr Chelpanov	brilliantov at byterg dot ru cav at cryptopro dot ru	1.8.15
Serbian	Dejan Milosavljevic	[unreachable]	1.6.0
SerbianCyrillic	Nedeljko Stefanovic	stenedjo at yahoo dot com	1.6.0
Slovak	Kali+Laco Švec Petr Přikryl	[the Slovak language advisors] prikryl at atlas dot cz	1.8.15
Slovene	Matjaž Ostroveršnik	matjaz dot ostroversnik at ostri dot org	1.4.6
Spanish	Bartomeu Francisco Oltra Thennet David Vaquero	bartomeu at loteria3cornella dot com [unreachable] david at grupoikusnet dot com	almost up-to-date
Swedish	Björn Palmqvist	bjorn.palmqvist at aidium.se	1.8.15
Turkish	Emin Ilker Cetinbas	niw3 at yahoo dot com	1.7.5
Ukrainian	Olexij Tkatchenko Petro Yermolenko	[resigned] python at i dot ua	1.8.4
Vietnamese	Dang Minh Tuan	tuanvietkey at gmail dot com	1.6.0

Most people on the list have indicated that they were also busy doing other things, so if you want to help to speed things up please let them (or me) know.

If you want to add support for a language that is not yet listed please read the next section.

Adding a new language to doxygen

This short HOWTO explains how to add support for the new language to doxygen:

Just follow the following steps:

Tell me for which language you want to add support. If no one else is already working on support for that language, you will be assigned as the maintainer for the language.
Create a copy of doxygen/src/translator_en.h and name it doxygen/src/translator_<your_2_letter_country_code>.h I'll use xx in the rest of this document (and XX for the uppercase version).
Edit doxygen/src/language.cpp: Add the following code:
```
#ifdef LANG_XX
#include<translator_xx.h>
#endif
```
Remember to use the same symbol LANG_XX that was added to doxygen/src/lang_cfg.h.

Now, in setTranslator() add
```
#ifdef LANG_XX
    else if (L_EQUAL("your_language_name"))
    {
      theTranslator = new TranslatorYourLanguage;
    }
#endif
```
after the if { ... }. I.e., it must be placed after the code for creating the English translator at the beginning, and before the else { ... } part that creates the translator for the default language (English again).
Edit doxygen/src/translator_xx.h:
- Use the UTF-8 capable editor and open the file using the UTF-8 mode.
- Rename TRANSLATOR_EN_H to TRANSLATOR_XX_H twice (i.e. in the #ifndef and #define preprocessor commands at the beginning of the file).
- Rename TranslatorEnglish to TranslatorYourLanguage
- In the member idLanguage() change "english" into the name of your language (use lower case characters only). Depending on the language you may also wish to change the member functions latexLanguageSupportCommand() and other (you will recognize them when you start the work).
- Edit all the strings that are returned by the member functions that start with tr. Try to match punctuation and capitals! To enter special characters (with accents) you can:
  - Enter them directly if your keyboard supports that. Recall that the text is expected to be saved using the UTF-8 encoding. Doxygen will translate the characters to proper $\mbox{\LaTeX}$ and leaves the HTML and man output in UTF-8.
  - Use HTML codes like &auml; for an a with an umlaut (i.e. ä). See the HTML specification for the codes.
- On *nix systems:
  - Rerun the configure script from the root (i.e. in the doxygen directory) so that it generates doxygen/src/lang_cfg.h. This file should now contain a #define for your language code.
  - Run make again from the root (i.e. in the doxygen directory) of the distribution, in order to regenerate the Makefiles.
- On Windows:
  - stop Visual Stdio
  - open a command window
  - goto the directory doxygen\src
  - give the command python languages.py > ..\winbuild\Languages.rules
  - close the command window
  - start Visual Studio again
  - Your language should now be selectable in the General part of the Settings of the Properties window of lang_cfg.py, by default Your language will be on. Rebuild doxygen (and doxywizard) now.
Now you can use OUTPUT_LANGUAGE = your_language_name in the config file to generate output in your language.
Send translator_xx.h to me so I can add it to doxygen. Send also your name and e-mail address to be included in the maintainers.txt list. You can also clone the doxygen repository at GitHub and make a Pull Request later.

Maintaining a language

New versions of doxygen may use new translated sentences. In such situation, the Translator class requires implementation of new methods – its interface changes. Of course, the English sentences need to be translated to the other languages. At least, new methods have to be implemented by the language-related translator class; otherwise, doxygen wouldn't even compile. Waiting until all language maintainers have translated the new sentences and sent the results would not be very practical. The following text describes the usage of translator adapters to solve the problem.

The role of Translator Adapters. Whenever the Translator class interface changes in the new release, the new class TranslatorAdapter_x_y_z is added to the translator_adapter.h file (here x, y, and z are numbers that correspond to the current official version of doxygen). All translators that previously derived from the Translator class now derive from this adapter class.

The TranslatorAdapter_x_y_z class implements the new, required methods. If the new method replaces some similar but obsolete method(s) (e.g. if the number of arguments changed and/or the functionality of the older method was changed or enriched), the TranslatorAdapter_x_y_z class may use the obsolete method to get the result which is as close as possible to the older result in the target language. If it is not possible, the result (the default translation) is obtained using the English translator, which is (by definition) always up-to-date.

For example, when the new trFile() method with parameters (to determine the capitalization of the first letter and the singular/plural form) was introduced to replace the older method trFiles() without arguments, the following code appeared in one of the translator adapter classes:

    /*! This is the default implementation of the obsolete method
     * used in the documentation of a group before the list of
     * links to documented files.  This is possibly localized.
     */
    virtual QCString trFiles()
    { return "Files"; }

    /*! This is the localized implementation of newer equivalent
     * using the obsolete method trFiles().
     */
    virtual QCString trFile(bool first_capital, bool singular)
    {
      if (first_capital && !singular)
        return trFiles();  // possibly localized, obsolete method
      else
        return english.trFile(first_capital, singular);
    }

The trFiles() is not present in the TranslatorEnglish class, because it was removed as obsolete. However, it was used until now and its call was replaced by

    trFile(true, false)

in the doxygen source files. Probably, many language translators implemented the obsolete method, so it perfectly makes sense to use the same language dependent result in those cases. The TranslatorEnglish does not implement the old method. It derives from the abstract Translator class. On the other hand, the old translator for a different language does not implement the new trFile() method. Because of that it is derived from another base class – TranslatorAdapter_x_y_z. The TranslatorAdapter_x_y_z class has to implement the new, required trFile() method. However, the translator adapter would not be compiled if the trFiles() method was not implemented. This is the reason for implementing the old method in the translator adapter class (using the same code, that was removed from the TranslatorEnglish).

The simplest way would be to pass the arguments to the English translator and to return its result. Instead, the adapter uses the old trFiles() in one special case – when the new trFile(true, false) is called. This is the mostly used case at the time of introducing the new method – see above. While this may look too complicated, the technique allows the developers of the core sources to change the Translator interface, while the users may not even notice the change. Of course, when the new trFile() is used with different arguments, the English result is returned and it will be noticed by non English users. Here the maintainer of the language translator should implement at least that one particular method.

What says the base class of a language translator? If the language translator class inherits from any adapter class then maintenance is needed. In such case, the language translator is considered not up-to-date. On the other hand, if the language translator derives directly from the abstract class Translator, the language translator is up-to-date.

The translator adapter classes are chained so that the older translator adapter class uses the one-step-newer translator adapter as the base class. The newer adapter does less adapting work than the older one. The oldest adapter class derives (indirectly) from all of the adapter classes. The name of the adapter class is chosen so that its suffix is derived from the previous official version of doxygen that did not need the adapter. This way, one can say approximately, when the language translator class was last updated – see details below.

The newest translator adapter derives from the abstract TranslatorAdapterBase class that derives directly from the abstract Translator class. It adds only the private English-translator member for easy implementation of the default translation inside the adapter classes, and it also enforces implementation of one method for notifying the user that the language translation is not up-to-date (because of that some sentences in the generated files may appear in English).

Once the oldest adapter class is not used by any of the language translators, it can be removed from the doxygen project. The maintainers should try to reach the state with the minimal number of translator adapter classes.

To simplify the maintenance of the language translator classes for the supported languages, the translator.py Python script was developed (located in doxygen/doc directory). It extracts the important information about obsolete and new methods from the source files for each of the languages. The information is stored in the translator report ASCII file (translator_report.txt).

If you compiled this documentation from sources and if you have also doxygen sources available the link doxygen/doc/translator_report.txt should be valid.

Looking at the base class of the language translator, the script guesses also the status of the translator – see the last column of the table with languages above. The translator.py is called automatically when the doxygen documentation is generated. You can also run the script manually whenever you feel that it can help you. Of course, you are not forced to use the results of the script. You can find the same information by looking at the adapter class and its base classes.

How should I update my language translator? First, you should be the language maintainer, or you should let him/her know about the changes. The following text was written for the language maintainers as the primary audience.

There are several approaches to be taken when updating your language. If you are not extremely busy, you should always chose the most radical one. When the update takes much more time than you expected, you can always decide use some suitable translator adapter to finish the changes later and still make your translator working.

The most radical way of updating the language translator is to make your translator class derive directly from the abstract class Translator and provide translations for the methods that are required to be implemented – the compiler will tell you if you forgot to implement some of them. If you are in doubt, have a look at the TranslatorEnglish class to recognize the purpose of the implemented method. Looking at the previously used adapter class may help you sometimes, but it can also be misleading because the adapter classes do implement also the obsolete methods (see the previous trFiles() example).

In other words, the up-to-date language translators do not need the TranslatorAdapter_x_y_z classes at all, and you do not need to implement anything else than the methods required by the Translator class (i.e. the pure virtual methods of the Translator – they end with =0;).

If everything compiles fine, try to run translator.py, and have a look at the translator report (ASCII file) at the doxygen/doc directory. Your translator is marked as up-to-date only if the script does not detect anything special. If the translator uses the Translator base class, there still may be some remarks related to your source code. In the case, the translator is marked as almost up-to-date. Namely, the obsolete methods–that are not used at all–may be listed in the section for your language. Simply, remove their code (and run the translator.py again). Also, you will be informed when you forgot to change the base class of your translator class to some newer adapter class or directly to the Translator class.

If you do not have time to finish all the updates you should still start with the most radical approach as described above. You can always change the base class to the translator adapter class that implements all of the not-yet-implemented methods.

If you prefer to update your translator gradually, have a look at TranslatorEnglish (the translator_en.h file). Inside, you will find the comments like new since 1.2.4 that separate always a number of methods that were implemented in the stated version. Do implement the group of methods that are placed below the comment that uses the same version numbers as your translator adapter class. (For example, your translator class have to use the TranslatorAdapter_1_2_4, if it does not implement the methods below the comment new since 1.2.4. When you implement them, your class should use a newer translator adapter.

Run the translator.py script occasionally and give it your xx identification (from translator_xx.h) to create the translator report shorter (also produced faster) – it will contain only the information related to your translator. Once you reach the state when the base class should be changed to some newer adapter, you will see the note in the translator report.

Warning: Don't forget to compile doxygen to discover, whether it is compilable. The translator.py does not check if everything is correct with respect to the compiler. Because of that, it may lie sometimes about the necessary base class.

The most obsolete language translators would lead to implementation of too complicated adapters. Because of that, doxygen developers may decide to derive such translators from the TranslatorEnglish class, which is by definition always up-to-date.

When doing so, all the missing methods will be replaced by the English translation. This means that not-implemented methods will always return the English result. Such translators are marked using the word obsolete. You should read it really obsolete. No guess about the last update can be done.

Often, it is possible to construct better result from the obsolete methods. Because of that, the translator adapter classes should be used if possible. On the other hand, implementation of adapters for really obsolete translators brings too much maintenance and run-time overhead.

Go to the next section or return to the index.